Physics
Chapter 12: 1-9 (all) Assignment
Homework
Physics 12: 1-9 Sound
Homework
- Reading Preparation
- Key Equations
- WebLecture
- Study Activity
- Chat Preparation Activities
- Chapter Quiz
- Lab Work
Reading Preparation
Text Reading: Giancoli, Physics - Principles with Applications, Chapter 12: 1-9 (all)
Study Points
- 12.1: When we talk about sound, we have two phenomena: the wave itself, and human ability to hear sound. So many of our measurements about sound relate to human interaction. Pitch, loudness, audible range all describe human hearing. The sound wave itself is a longitudinal wave, made of successive areas of compression and expansion of air.
- 12.2: Loudness is our experience of intensity, which in turn is related to the actual energy carried by the wave. Intensity is measured in decibel units: Β = 10 log I/I0.
- 12.3*: Air molecules move only 1.1 * 10-11 m in creating the highest note we can hear (around 1000Hz). Intensity and frequency together determine whether we can hear a sound.
- 12.4: Standing waves occur in three situations: on strings fixed at both ends; in pipes closed at both ends, and in pipes open at one end. For a standing wave to occur, there must be a node at a closed end and a maximum amplitude at an open end.
- 12.5*: Sound waves are additive; if a wave is sufficiently garbled, we hear it as noise.
- 12.6: Expanding wavefronts from two or more sources will interfere with each other. Where maxima add, we get beats.
- 12.7: The Doppler affect occurs when a wave source and the observer are moving relative to each other. Sound waves will appear to be longer (and lower in pitch) if the distance between a source and observer is increasing, and shorter (higher in pitch) if the distance is decreasing.
- 12.8*: If the source of a wave is traveling faster than the wave, the wave fronts become increasingly closer together, eventually "piling up" at the point of the object and creating a sonic boom.
- 12.9*: Because sound waves are generally non-destructive, sonar and ultrasound can be used to create images denser objects embedded in rarer medium, such as the ocean floor or bones in a baby still in utero.
Key Equations
- Sound level:
- Wind instrument first harmonic:
- Doppler effect:
Top signs apply if observer and source approach each other; bottoms signs apply if they are moving apart.
Web Lecture
Read the following weblecture before chat: Sound
Study Activity
Use the Fourier: Making Waves Simulation to experiment with amplitudes, frequencies, and harmonics.
Chat Preparation Activities
- Forum question: The Moodle forum for the session will assign a specific study question for you to prepare for chat. You need to read this question and post your answer before chat starts for this session.
- Mastery Exercise: The Moodle Mastery exercise for the chapter will contain sections related to our chat topic. Try to complete these before the chat starts, so that you can ask questions.
Chapter Quiz
- Required: Complete the Mastery exercise with a passing score of 85% or better.
- Go to the Moodle and take the quiz for this chat session to see how much you already know about astronomy!
Lab Work
If you want lab credit for this course, you must complete at least 18 labs; you may complete more if you are preparing for the AP exam.. One or more lab exercises are posted for each chapter as part of the homework assignment. We will be reviewing lab work at regular intervals, so do not get behind!
- Lab Instructions: The Speed of Sound
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