Physics
Chapter 28: 7-12 Assignment
Homework
Physics 28: 7-12 Electron Structure and the Periodic Table
Homework
- Reading Preparation
- Key Equations
- WebLecture
- Study Activity
- Chat Preparation Activities
- Chapter Quiz
- Lab Work
Reading Preparation
Text Reading: Giancoli, Physics - Principles with Applications, Chapter 28: 7-12.
Study Points
- 28: 7 In atoms with more than one electron (anything other than neutral hydrogen), no two electrons have have the same quantum state. At most, two electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same suborbital determined by n, l, and ms values.
- 28: 8 Electron orbital structure determines the ability of an atom of a particular element to form chemical bonds with other atoms. All atoms with a particular set of outer shell electrons (valence electrons) will form bonds the same way. This allows us to organize elements by electron configurations in columns with like configurations, creating the periodic table.
- 28: 9 Examination of X-ray spectra allows us to determine inner energy levels for atoms with high numbers of electrons, where outer-shell electron attraction to the nucleus is lessened due to partial shielding of the attractive force by the inner shells of electrons. Free electron deceleration causes photon emission equal to the loss of kinetic energy (bremsstrahlung effect).
- 28: 10 Absorption of UV photons and emission of that energy by multiple longer-wavelength jumps creates fluorescence, a phenomenon which occurs in both living organisms (bioluminescence) and inorganic material (fluorescent lights).
- 28: 11 Lasers employ stimulation of excited electrons to make specific emission jumps, creating light of a specific wavelength at discrete intervals, so that photon emissions are synchronized. This creates a coherent beam of light which tightly focus energy for surgery, "welding", and transferring data to small areas (CD and DVD information storage).
- 28: 12 Recording reflected light in different phases allows us to capture and display three-dimensional representation of objects (holograms).
Key Equations
| Principle | Equation | Variables |
|---|---|---|
| Cutoff wavelength | λ0: Cutoff wavelength h: Planck constant eV = ΔKE = hf0 |
Web Lecture
Read the following weblecture before chat: Electron Configurations of the Elements
Study Activity
Read about how to describe the electrons and their orbitals for elements at the Periodic Table interactive site under "Atomic Basics", then got to "It's Elementary".
Then click on "Play " and build the four elements suggested with the correct ground level electron configurations. How does the Pauli exclusion principle affect your choice of orbitals to use?
Chat Preparation Activities
- Forum question: The Moodle forum for the session will assign a specific study question for you to prepare for chat. You need to read this question and post your answer before chat starts for this session.
- Mastery Exercise: The Moodle Mastery exercise for the chapter will contain sections related to our chat topic. Try to complete these before the chat starts, so that you can ask questions.
Chapter Quiz
- Required: Complete the Mastery exercise with a passing score of 85% or better.
- Go to the Moodle and take the quiz for this chat session to see how much you already know about astronomy!
Lab Work
If you want lab credit for this course, you must complete at least 18 labs; you may complete more if you are preparing for the AP exam.. One or more lab exercises are posted for each chapter as part of the homework assignment. We will be reviewing lab work at regular intervals, so do not get behind!
- Lab Instructions: Challenge Lab: Diffraction
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