Chemistry
Chemistry 18: 1-3
Homework
Spontaneity and Entropy
Chapter 18: 1-3 Homework
- Reading Preparation
- WebLecture
- Study Activity
- Preparation work for chat
- Online Quiz
- Lab Instructions
Reading Preparation
Textbook assignment: Read Kotz and Triechel, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity Chapter 18: Sections 1 to 3.
Study Notes
- 18.1 Some spontaneous reactions occur even though the reaction is endothermic or energy neutral. The expansion of an ideal gas is energy neutral. The dissolution of some salts in water may be endothermic. A reaction will be spontaneous if it moves toward equilibrium.
- 18.2 Spontaneous reactions increase the entropy or disorder of the universe.
- 18.3 Energy dispersal increases the random kinetic energy of a system. Each energy state can be identified as a microstate of a system. The larger the number of microstates, the greater the entropy of the system.
Key Formula
| Principle | Formula | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Entropy |
ΔS: Change in entropy
qrev (Joules): heat exchange in reversible reactions T (K): Temperature at which reaction occurs |
|
| System Entropy |
S: Total entropy of System
k: Boltzmann constant W: number of microstates in system |
Web Lecture
Read the following weblecture before chat: Spontaneity
Study Activity
Videos for Chapter 18: Principles of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy and Free Energy
Review the Videos at Thinkwell Video Lessons.
- Under "THERMODYNAMICS"
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
- Spontaneous Processes
- Entropy
- Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
Read through the discussion of microstates at the Open Chemistry Textbook Site. The Openstax simulation was not available, alas, when last checked (March 3, 2022), but the explanations are still useful.
Chat Preparation Activities
- Essay question: The Moodle forum for the session will assign a specific study question for you to prepare for chat. You need to read this question and post your answer before chat starts for this session.
- Mastery Exercise: The Moodle Mastery exercise for the chapter will contain sections related to our chat topic. Try to complete these before the chat starts, so that you can ask questions.
Chapter Quiz
- There is no chapter quiz YET.
(Aligns to) AP #15 GUIDED INQUIRY — Titration Methods — Phase I
Design an experiment to determine how the initial concentration of an acid-base solution affects pH during titration. You will need to observe and interpret the results of acid-base titrations of acids by a base to determine the concentration and pK for the base or acid and generate a standardized solution.
Resources:
- AP2009 #6 Standardization of of solution using primary standards
- APGIE Investigation 14 Acid-Base Titration: How Do the Structure and the Initial Concentration of an Acid and a Base Influence the pH of the Result Solution During a Titration?
- IGHCE Lab 11.4 Standardize a Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Titration
- There is no alternate form for this lab
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